#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
#include <map>

// 2. pseudo code of the algorithm
// convert to postfix expression use stack,
// 1. if it is an operand, add to postfix,
// 2. if it is an operator,
//      2.1 if it is the first operator, push into `s` stack
//      2.2 if `s` stack already got element, compare the weight of opreators
//      2.3 pop `s` stack until the top most one got smaller precedence
// 3. if it is a bracket, push into stack `s`,
// 3. if it is a closing bracket, pop all element from `s` stack back to postfix,
// else return the result

// Function to convert infix expression to postfix expression
std::string infixToPostfix(const std::string &infix)
{
    std::stack<char> s;
    std::string postfix;
    std::map<char, int> precedence = {{'+', 1}, {'-', 1}, {'*', 2}, {'/', 2}, {'(', 0}};

    for (char c : infix)
    {
        if (std::isalnum(c))
        { // 1. if operand, add to postfix
            postfix += c;
        }

        // 其實括號入面同括號出面嘅數你當佢兩條式計就得
        else if (c == '(')
        { // 2. if '(', push to stack
            s.push(c);
        }

        // 咁佢呢度關括號呀嘛,
        // 咁佢咪會由個 stack 嗰度 port 返曬啲operator出嚟囉, 變咗可以 14+5*
        else if (c == ')')
        { // 3. if ')', pop until '('
            while (!s.empty() && s.top() != '(')
            {
                postfix += s.top();
                s.pop();
            }
            if (!s.empty())
                s.pop(); // pop '('
        }
        else
        { // 4. if operator, pop operators with greater or equal precedence
            while (!s.empty() && precedence[c] <= precedence[s.top()])
            {
                postfix += s.top();
                s.pop();
            }
            s.push(c); // push current operator
        }
    }

    // 5. pop remaining operators, LIFO
    while (!s.empty())
    {
        postfix += s.top();
        s.pop();
    }

    return postfix;
}

// Function to evaluate postfix expression

// 2. pseudo code of the algorithm
// evaluate a postfix expression use stack,
// if it is an operand, push it into stack,
// if it is an operator, pop the top two elements, apply the operator, and push the result,
// if it is a bracket, pop until the matched bracket, then push it into stack,
// if the input is end, return the last element in stack,
// else error

int evaluatePostfix(const std::string &postfix)
{
    std::stack<int> s;

    for (char c : postfix)
    {
        if (std::isdigit(c))
        { // 1. if operand, push to stack
            s.push(c - '0');
        }
        else
        { // 2. if operator, pop two operands, evaluate and push result
            int op2 = s.top();
            s.pop();
            int op1 = s.top();
            s.pop();
            switch (c)
            {
            case '+':
                s.push(op1 + op2);
                break;
            case '-':
                s.push(op1 - op2);
                break;
            case '*':
                s.push(op1 * op2);
                break;
            case '/':
                s.push(op1 / op2);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return s.top(); // 3. result is the only element in stack
}

int main()
{
    std::string infix;
    // std::cout << "Enter an arithmetic expression: ";
    // std::getline(std::cin, infix);

    // --- part 2 iteration:
    // 1,4,5,*,+
    // 1,20,+
    // 21
    std::cout << "e.g. 1 1+4*5" << std::endl;
    infix = "1+4*5";
    std::string postfix = infixToPostfix(infix);
    std::cout << "Postfix expression: " << postfix << std::endl;

    int result = evaluatePostfix(postfix);
    std::cout << "Result: " << result << std::endl;

    // --- part 2 iteration:
    // 1,4,+,5,*
    // 5,5,*
    // 25
    std::cout << "e.g. 2 (1+4)*5" << std::endl;
    infix = "(1+4)*5";
    postfix = infixToPostfix(infix);
    std::cout << "Postfix expression: " << postfix << std::endl;
    result = evaluatePostfix(postfix);
    std::cout << "Result: " << result << std::endl;

    // --- part 2 iteration:
    // 1,4,+,5,-
    // 5,5,-
    // 0
    std::cout << "e.g. 3 1+4-5" << std::endl;
    infix = "1+4-5";
    postfix = infixToPostfix(infix);
    std::cout << "Postfix expression: " << postfix << std::endl;
    result = evaluatePostfix(postfix);
    std::cout << "Result: " << result << std::endl;

    // --- part 2 iteration:
    // 1,4,5,*,+,5,*
    // 1,20,+,5,*
    // 21,5,*
    // 105
    std::cout << "e.g. 4 (1+4*5)*5" << std::endl;
    infix = "(1+4*5)*5";
    postfix = infixToPostfix(infix);
    std::cout << "Postfix expression: " << postfix << std::endl;

    result = evaluatePostfix(postfix);
    std::cout << "Result: " << result << std::endl;

    // --- part 2 iteration:
    // 1,4,5,*,+,2,5,*,-
    // =>1,20,+,2,5,*,-
    // =>21,2,5,*,-
    // =>21,10,-
    // =>11
    std::cout << "e.g. 5 (1+4*5)-2*5" << std::endl;
    infix = "(1+4*5)-2*5";
    postfix = infixToPostfix(infix);
    std::cout << "Postfix expression: " << postfix << std::endl;

    result = evaluatePostfix(postfix);
    std::cout << "Result: " << result << std::endl;

    return 0;
}